Study (publication year) | Task | Mean ± SD of measured muscles (m/f) | Upper row: Data normalisation [unit] lower row: Effect size*(95%-CI) comparing males to females | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RF | VL | VM | ST | BF | MG | LG | |||
Bencke & Zebis (2011) [38] | side-cutting maneuver | 64 ± 36 53 ± 22 | 61 ± 25 69 ± 24 | 46 ± 14 33 ± 12 | 52 ± 22 30 ± 10 | MVC [%] -0.54 (-1.22; 0.13) | |||
DeMont & Lephart (2004) [39] | jogging | 31.74 ± 13.40 27.03 ± 13.14 | 39.71 ± 13.84 43.10 ± 10.22 | 36.96 ± 18.16 37.84 ± 11.59 | 38.19 ± 22.30 41.02 ± 22.18 | 20.69 ± 20.01 21.66 ± 16.88 | MVC [%] 0.15 (-0.04; 0.35) | ||
walking | 26.66 ± 12.62 26.68 ± 12.24 | 23.04 ± 8.60 31.73 ± 9.90 | 25.06 ± 11.13 28.54 ± 10.10 | 15.82 ± 17.87 18.27 ± 21.85 | 7.09 ± 6.02 7.52 ± 5.05 | ||||
Deschenes et al. (2009) [40] | pre-unloading | average of VL & VM 304.3 ± 44.4 236.8 ± 29.7 | RMS raw data [Mv x S] -1.71 (-2.77; -0.65) | ||||||
Hanson et al. (2008) [24] | running side-step cut preparatory phase | 80.19 ± 47.84 80.25 ± 38.46 | 129.36 ± 63.30 186.14 ± 102.75 | 77.46 ± 57.63 72.19 ± 34.75 | 194.92 ± 113.68 172.29 ± 64.43 | MVC [%] 0.27 (0.08; 0.46) | |||
running side-step cut loading phase | 136.73 ± 63.46 173.32 ± 81.08 | 188.85 ± 61.60 320.86 ± 164.65 | 128.02 ± 48.60 130.22 ± 92.68 | 194.18 ± 143.23 210.57 ± 85.13 | |||||
box-jump side-step cut preparatory phase | 33.04 ± 19.53 40.20 ± 26.41 | 51.57 ± 22.53 77.15 ± 51.97 | 32.16 ± 24.80 34.82 ± 20.57 | 137.35 ± 75.56 122.53 ± 61.7 | |||||
box-jump side-step cut loading phase | 107.17 ± 58.06 140.55 ± 75.15 | 151.94 ± 50.47 244.45 ± 128.24 | 106.64 ± 50.05 119.37 ± 75.45 | 154.75 ± 133.71 154.86 ± 69.38 | |||||
Hart et al. (2007) [41] | 100 cm single-leg forward jump | 16.91 ± 21.25 14.51 ± 7.52 | 5.85 ± 4.44 8.23 ± 5.92 | 2.79 ± 4.17 2.30 ± 2.33 | RMS submax load [mV] 0.05 (-0.52; 0.62) | ||||
Kim et al. (2016) [42] | rapid eccentric knee extension | quadriceps & hamstrings 42.927 ± 57.167 53.277 ± 57.167 | MVC [%] 0.18 (-0.44; 0.8) | ||||||
Lee et al. (2014) [43] | regular stepping task | 2.48 ± 0.52 2.42 ± 0.51 | 2.34 ± 0.58 2.45 ± 0.58 | 2.70 ± 0.74 2.73 ± 0.50 | 2.63 ± 0.42 2.70 ± 0.47 | 1.95 ± 0.84 2.07 ± 0.72 | 2.18 ± 0.74 2.43 ± 0.85 | time to peak [mV] 0.34 (0.2; 0.49) | |
motor internal perturbation task | 2.61 ± 0.36 2.74 ± 0.43 | 2.48 ± 0.58 2.61 ± 0.44 | 2.71 ± 0.54 3.00 ± 0.45 | 2.77 ± 0.48 2.89 ± 0.40 | 2.41 ± 0.64 2.93 ± 0.62 | 2.60 ± 0.43 2.99 ± 0.52 | |||
motor external perturbation task | 2.84 ± 0.38 2.98 ± 0.40 | 2.61 ± 0.53 2.82 ± 0.38 | 2.64 ± 0.43 2.84 ± 0.41 | 2.86 ± 0.36 2.94 ± 0.44 | 2.76 ± 0.57 3.18 ± 0.57 | 2.82 ± 0.57 3.05 ± 0.66 | |||
Myer et al. (2005) [27] | side-step exercise | 0.518 ± 0.351 0.689 ± 0.235 | 0.511 ± 0.207 0.507 ± 0.181 | RMS submax load [ratio] 0.26 (-0.37; 0.88) | |||||
side-step exercise | 0.577 ± 0.391 0.834 ± 0.366 | 0.581 ± 0.264 0.596 ± 0.305 | MAR submax load [ratio] 0.36 (-0.27; 0.99) | ||||||
Padua et al. (2005) [28] | pref preparatory phase | 16.80 ± 18.66 31.00 ± 20.56 | 19.00 ± 10.44 23.30 ± 11.28 | 86.10 ± 67.99 118.20 ± 74.62 | MVC [%] 0.41 (0.15; 0.66) | ||||
3.0 preparatory phase | 19.60 ± 18.97 39.50 ± 20.89 | 23.20 ± 14.55 21.90 ± 15.92 | 104.70 ± 89.81 160.70 ± 98.84 | ||||||
pref loading phase | 37.70 ± 8.26 67.10 ± 42.12 | 25.80 ± 10.44 24.00 ± 11.61 | 135.50 ± 89.81 160.00 ± 98.84 | ||||||
3.0 loading phase | 34.40 ± 29.09 65.30 ± 32.17 | 27.30 ± 10.75 22.60 ± 11.61 | 144.50 ± 71.78 186.60 ± 78.94 | ||||||
Palmieri-Smith et al. (2007) [44] | single-leg forward jump | 1.29 ± 1.38 1.02 ± 1.07 | 2.43 ± 2.56 2.71 ± 2.87 | 3.03 ± 3.21 2.49 ± 2.63 | 1.16 ± 1.16 1.50 ± 1.53 | 1.95 ± 1.88 1.32 ± 1.19 | MVC [%]-0.09 (-0.47; 0.3) | ||
Rozzi et al. (1999) [45] | single-leg jump from a step | 298.00 ± 231.27 315.82 ± 162.24 | 290.87 ± 173.62 361.65 ± 255.49 | 134.20 ± 66.33 163.49 ± 84.45 | 84.84 ± 43.47 156.00 ± 72.59 | 134.13 ± 74.70 225.86 ± 223.35 | 161.45 ± 73.82 131.72 ± 64.90 | first contraction amplitude[mV] 0.33 (-0.07: 0.74) | |
Shultz et al. (2001) [20] | single-leg external rotation | 100.0 ± 24.0 90.8 ± 16.3 | 99.0 ± 22.8 87.1 ± 18.0 | 60.5 ± 7.5 59.6 ± 10.6 | 72.4 ± 17.2 68.4 ± 14.0 | 56.6 ± 8.0 55.1 ± 8.4 | 59.2 ± 10.0 56.2 ± 8.3 | reaction time [ms] -0.32 (-0.47: -0.18) | |
single-leg internal rotation | 98.8 ± 22.4 89.8 ± 12.6 | 95.7 ± 20.4 86.3 ± 13.6 | 60.5 ± 10.3 56.3 ± 11.6 | 80.0 ± 25.8 73.8 ± 18.2 | 54.1 ± 8.8 52.4 ± 9.0 | 57.0 ± 10.0 55.2 ± 8.8 | |||
Smith et al. (2009) [46] | pre-fatigue | 77.1 ± 7.4 73.5 ± 7.7 | 74.1 ± 9.4 77.5 ± 6.8 | 70.6 ± 9.8 71.6 ± 12.4 | 77.3 ± 36.2 70.4 ± 14.0 | 70.2 ± 7.2 70.8 ± 7.2 | RMS submax load [%] -0.03 (-0.37; 0.32) | ||
Urabe et al. (2004) [22] | vertical jump—single-leg landing | 158.4 ± 67.0 229.5 ± 108.3 | 140.0 ± 51.3 216.2 ± 54.0 | SM 42.6 ± 24.3 42.3 ± 11.7 | 49.7 ± 7.3 45.3 ± 12.7 | MVC [%] 0.39 (-0.36; 1.13) | |||
Wu et al. (2016) [47] | young—leg dynamometer | 0.214 ± 0.063 0.160 ± 0.049 | 18.0 ± 10.2 25.9 ± 9.4 | RMS [VL = mV; BF = %] VL: -0.74 (-1.18; -0.31) BF: 0.6 (0.17; 1.03) | |||||
older—leg dynamometer | 0.158 ± 0.073 0.119 ± 0.063 | 16.2 ± 10.7 20.4 ± 8.5 |