Authors, year (language) | Population | Sample size | Dimensionality | Internal consistency | Reliability | Validity | Responsiveness | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Distribution-based methods | Anchor-based methods | |||||||
Hains et al, 1998 (English) [53] | NP | 237 | 1 factor | α = .92 | – | rp = .65 VAS-P | – | – |
Stratford et al, 1999 (English) [54] | NP | 50 | 1 factor | α = .87 | ICC = .94 (1-sided lower 95 % CI .87) | r = .70 prognostic ratings of change | MDC = 4.7 points SEM = 2 points | MCID = 5 points AUC = .90 (Spec .80; Sens .78) |
Chok & Gomez, 2000 (Malaysian) [26] | NP | 22 | – | – | k = .90 | – | – | – |
Ackelman & Lindgren, 2002 (Swedish) [27] | Chronic NP >3 months | 39 | – | – | rs = .94–.99 | rs = .95 DRI rs = -.88 SF-36 PF subscale rs = .86 VAS-A rs = .60 VAS-P | – | – |
Wlodyka-Demaille et al, 2002 (French) [28] | Neck disorders >15 days | 101 | 2 factors: Function and disability; Neck pain | – | ICC = .93 | rs = .88 NPQ rs = .79 NPDS rs = .54 HADS-D rs = .50 VAS-D rs = .48 VAS-P rs = .43 HADS-A rs = -.41 ROM (Flex-Ext) | – | – |
Wlodyka-Demaille et al, 2004 (French) [75] | Neck disorders >15 days | 71 | – | – | – | – | ES = .55 SRM = .55 | – |
Lee et al, 2006 (Korean) [29] | NP | 180 | – | α = .92 | ICC2,1 = .90 (95 % CI .81–.94) | – | ES = 1.04 (84 % CI .94–1.13) SRM = 1.17 (84 % CI 1.06–1.28) | AUC = .79 (95 % CI .72–.86) |
Vos et al, 2006 (Dutch) [30] | First time or recurrent NP | 79 | – | – | ICC = .90 (95 % CI .82–.95) LoA = -7.40 - + 7.92 | – | MDC = 1.66 points SEM = 0.60 points Guyatt = 1.82 |  |
Gay et al, 2007 (English) [59] | NP >3 months | 23 | – | α = .72–.77 | – | rs = .77–.80 NBQ rs = .44–.45 VAS-P | ES = 1.12 SRM = 1.21 | – |
Kose et al, 2007 (Turkish) [31] | NP >6 weeks | 102 | – | α = .90 | ICC = .86 | r = .71 VAS-D r = .65 VAS-P r = .58 Pain with palpation r = .50 Pain with motion r = -.41 ROM (Flex-Ext) r = -.41 ROM (Rot) | SRM = .85–.86 | – |
Mousavi et al, 2007 (Iranian) [32] | NP | 185 | – | α = .88 | ICC = .97 | rp = .86 NPDS rp = .71 VAS-P rp = -.70–-.36 SF-36 subscales | – | – |
Pool et al, 2007 (Dutch) [63] | NP and/or stiffness >2 weeks | 183 | – | – | – | – | MDC = 10.5 points | MCID = 3.5 points (Spec .70; Sens .90) |
Cleland et al, 2008 (English) [60] | NP | 138 | – | – | ICC2,1 = .50 (95 % CI .51–.87) rp = .56 | – | MDC = 19.6 points SEM = 8.4 points | MCID = 9.5 points (Spec .72; Sens .83) AUC = .83 (95 % CI .75–.90) |
Trouli et al, 2008 (Greek) [33] | NP | 65 | 1 factor | α = .85 | ICC = .93 (95 % CI.84–.97) | – | MDC = 1.78 points SEM = .64 points | – |
Chan et al, 2009 (English) [74] | Chronic NP | 20 | – | – | – | rp = .86 NPDS rp = .62 PET | – | – |
Telci et al, 2009 (Turkish) [36] | Chronic NP | 88 | – | – | ICC = .98 (CI 95 % = .97–.99) | rp = .62 VAS-P rp = .73 NPDS | – | – |
van der Velde et al, 2009 (English) [57] | Mechanical NP | 521 | RA: unidimensionality is achieved by removing items #3 lifting, and #5 headache | – | – | NDI-8: rs = .42 Pain | – | – |
Young et al, 2009 (English) [61] | Mechanical NP | 91 | – | – | ICC2,1 = .64 (95 % CI.19–.84) | – | MDC = 10.2 points SEM = 4.3 points | MCID = 7.5 points AUC = .79 (95 % CI .68-.89) |
Andrade Ortega et al, 2010 (Spanish) [34] | NP | 175 | 1 factor | α = .89 | ICC = .98 (95 % CI.98–.99) | rp = .89 NPQ rp = .65 VAS-P | – | – |
Jorritsma et al, 2010 (Dutch) [70] | NP >3 months | 32 | – | – | ICC = .84 (95 % CI.69–.92 LoA = ±6.5 | – | – | – |
Salo et al, 2010 (Finnish) [37] | NP | 101 | 1 factor | α = .85 | ICC = .94 (95 % CI.90–.96) | rp = .53 VAS-P rp = .43 DEPS | – | – |
Wu et al, 2010 (Chinese) [38] | NP >3 months | 125 | – | α = .89 | ICC = .95 | rp = .81 NPDS rp = -.76 to -.33 SF-36 subscales rp = .75 VAS-P | – | – |
Odole et al, 2011 (Nigerian) [35] | Mechanical NP | 32 | – | – | r = .97 | – | – | – |
Pickering et al, 2011 (English) [55] | Mechanical NP | 88 | 1 factor: NP and dysfunction related to activities | – | – | – | – | – |
Shakil et al, 2011 (Hindi) [39] | NP | 148 | – | α = .99 | ICC = .98 | – | – | – |
Uthaikhup et al, 2011 (Thai) [40] | NP | 181 | 1 factor | α = .85 | ICC = .85 | rs = .64 VAS-P | MDC = 16.1 points SEM = 5.8 points | – |
Monticone et al, 2012 (Italian) [21] | Chronic NSNP >12 weeks | 101 | 2 factors: activity of daily living (F#1), pain and concentration (F#2) | α = .84 F#1: α = .82 F#2: α = .72 | ICC = .85 (95 % CI.78–.89) F#1: ICC = .81 (95 % CI .73–.87) F#2: ICC = .83 (95 % CI .76–.88) | rs = .69 NPDS rs = .55 HADS-D rs = .44 NRS rs = .42 HADS-A | MDC = 3 points F#1: MDC = 1 F#2: MDC = 1 | – |
Kesiktas et al, 2012 (Turkish) [41] | NP | 30/185 | 1 factor | α = .88 | ICC = .87–1.0 | rs = .76 VAS-D rs = .62 HADS-D rs = .60 VAS-P rs = .58 HADS-A | – | – |
Jorritsma et al, 2012a (Dutch) [62] | Chronic NP | 125 | – | α = .83 | – | rp = .77 NPDS rp = -.63–.34 SF-36 subscales rp = .52 VAS-D rp = .43 VAS-P | – | – |
Jorritsma et al, 2012b (Dutch) [64] | Chronic NP | 125 | – | – | – | – | MDC: 8.4 points SEM: 3.0 points | MCID: 3.5 points (Spec .66; Sens .74) AUC = .75 (95 % CI .64–.87) |
Nakamaru et al, 2012 (Japanese) [43] | NP (acute, subacute and chronic) | 110 | 2 factors: activities, symptoms | α = .88 | ICC = .91 (95 % CI.82–.85) | rp = -.51–.25 SF-36 subscales | MDC = 6.8 points SEM = 2.9 points | – |
Luksanapruksa et al, 2012 (Thai) [42] | Outpatients with NP | 46 | 1 factor (activities) | α = .92 | ICC = .99 | rP = .89 VAS-P rP = -.43 SF-36 | – | – |
Ailliet et al, 2013 (Dutch) [44] | NP | 338 | RA: unidimensionality is achieved by removing item #6 concentration | – | – | rp = .75 DASH | – | – |
Guzy et al, 2013 (Polish) [45] | NSNP >7 weeks | 95 | 2 factors | α = .82 F#1: α = .77 F#2: α = .73 | ICC = .99 (95 % CI.98–.99) LoA = ±2.48 | rp = .55 VAS-P | MDC = 5.96 points SEM = 2.15 points SRM = 1.61 | MCID = 6.5 points (Spec .81; Sens.90) AUC = .91 (95 % CI .84–.97) |
Johansen et al, 2013 (Norwegian) [46] | NP | 249 | RA: unidimensionality is achieved by removing items #1 pain, #5 headache, and #9 sleep | – | – | rp = .59 HSCL rp = .58 NRS NDI-7: rp = .56 NRS rp = .43 TSK NDI-7: rp = .54 HSCL | – | – |
Shaheen et al, 2013 (Arabic) [47] | Neck complaints | 65 | 2 factors: activity of daily living (F#1); pain and concentration (F#2) | α = .89 F#1: α = .86 F#2: α = .77 | ICC2,1 = .96 (95 % CI .93–.97) F#1: ICC2,1 = .86 (95 % CI .52–.79) F#2: ICC2,1 = .77 (95 % CI .66–.85) rp = .92 | – | – | – |
Walton & MacDermid, 2013 (English) [58] | Mechanical NP | 316 | RA: unidimensionality is achieved by removing items #1 pain, #3 lifting, #4 reading, #5 headache, and #9 sleep | – | ICC2,1 = .92 (95 % CI 85–.96) NDI-5: ICC2,1 = .94 (95 % CI.83–.86) | rp = .71 NRS rp = .64 PCS rp = .53 TSK NDI-5: rp = .71 PCS NDI-5: rp = .67 NPRS NDI-5: rp = .54 TSK | MDC90 = 4.5 points SEM = 1.95 points ES = .71 NDI-5: MDC90 = 2.7 points SEM = 1.15 points ES = .85 | AUC = .76 (95 % CI .63–.89) NDI-5: AUC = .72 (95 % CI .59–.86) |
Cramer et al, 2014 (German) [48] | Chronic NSNP >12 weeks | 558 | 1 factor | α = .81 | ICC = .81 (95 % CI.78–.83) | rs = -.45–-0.30 SF-36 subscales | – | – |
Johansen et al, 2014 (Norwegian) [89] | NP | 255 | – | α = .83–.91 | ICC = .84 (95 % CI.72–.91) | – | MDC = 6.15 points SEM = 4.44 points | MCID = 8.3 points AUC = .70 (95 % CI .58–.82) |
Swanenburg et al, 2014 (German) [52] | Outpatients with NP | 49 | 2 factors | α = .96 | ICC(2,1) = .92 (95 % CI.84–.96) | rs = .55 VAS-P | MDC = 6.16 points SEM = 2.22 points | – |
Hung et al, 2015 (English) [56] | Neck complaints | 865 | RA: unidimensionality is achieved by removing items #2 personal care, and #5 headache | – | – | – | – | – |
Ailliet et al, 2015 (Dutch) [90] | NP | 337 | – | – | ICC = .88 LoA = -5.02– + 5.60 | – | MDC = 5.40 points SEM = 1.95 points | MCID = 4.50 points AUC = .85 |
Cruz, 2015 (Portuguese) [49] | Chronic NP (for at least 3 months) | 113 | 1 factor | α = .95 | ICC = .91 (95 % CI.87–.94) LoA = 1.59 ± 3.70 | rs = .49 NRS | – | – |
Joseph et al, 2015 (Marathi) [50] | NP > 3 months | 81 | – | α = .97 | ICC = .95 | r = .95 VAS-P | – | – |
Monticone et al, 2015 (Italian) [24] | Outpatients with chronic NP | 200 | – | – | – | – | ES = .66 SRM = 1.09 GRI = .70 | MCID = 3.5 points AUC = .96 (spec .81; sens .98) |
Bakhtadze et al, 2015 (Russian) [51] | Acute (≤12 weeks) or chronic (≥12 week) NP | 80/109 | 2 factors | α = .83 F#1: α = .82 F#2: α = .66 | ICC = .91 (95 % CI.86–.94) | rs = .62 GRS-P | MDC = 5.4 points |  |
Pereira et al, 2015 (Portuguese) [91] | Chronic NP | 108 | – | – | – | – | MDC95 = 12 points SEM = 4.27 points | MCID = 5.5 points AUC = .59 (spec .57; sens .61) |