Table 1 Diagnostic accuracy of tests
Test | Diagnosis | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | PV+ (%) | PV- (%) | LR+ | LR- | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Canadian C-Spine Rule | Cervical Spine Trauma | 99 | 45 | 6.03 | 100 | 1.81 | 0.01 | |
Cervical Arterial Dysfunction (CAD) Test | CAD | 0–57 | 87–100 | 0–100 | 26–96 | 0.22–83.3 | 0.44–1.4 | |
Sharp Purser Test | Transverse Ligament Stability | 69 | 96 | 85 | 90 | 15.6 | 0.33 | |
Alar Ligament Test | Alar Ligament Stability | Right: 69 Left: 72 | Right: 100 Left: 96 | Right: 100 Left: 93 | Right: 80 Left: 81 | – | – | Kaale et al. [41] |
Dix-Hallpike | Posterior Canal BPPV | 79.3 | 75 | 95.8 | 33.3 | 3.17 | 0.14 | Halker et al. [42] |
Head Thrust Test | Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction | 71 (88 for complete loss) | 82 | 87 | 65 | 4.16 | 0.3 | Schubert et al. [43] |
Manual Spinal Examination | Cervical Facet Joint Dysfunction | 92 | 71 | – | – | 3.17 | 0.11 | Schneider et al. [30] |
Palpation for Segmental Tenderness | Cervical Facet Joint Mediated Pain | 94 | 73 | – | – | 3.48 | 0.08 | Schneider et al. [30] |
Cervical Neck Torsion Test | Cervicogenic Dizziness (versus BPPV) | 72 | 92 | – | – | 9 | 0.3 | L’Heureux-Leabeau et al. [14] |
Cervical Relocation Test (with positive test defined by any of the 4 positions with JPE >4.5°) | Cervicogenic Dizziness (versus BPPV) | 92 | 54 | – | – | 2 | 0.15 | L’Heureux-Leabeau et al. [14] |
Cervical Relocation Test (with positive test defined by mean JPE >4.5°) | Cervicogenic Dizziness (versus BPPV) | 72 | 75 | – | – | 2.9 | 0.37 | L’Heureux-Leabeau et al. [14] |
Smooth Pursuit Neck Torsion (SPNT) Test | CGD in people with WAD and dizziness | 90 27 56 | 91 55 88 | 92 -- -- | 71 -- -- | 10 0.6 -- | 0.11 1.3 -- | L’Heureux-Leabeau et al. [14] Tjell & Rosenhall [34] Kongsted et al. [35] |