An ultrasonographic analysis of the activation patterns of abdominal muscles in children with spastic type cerebral palsy and in typically developing individuals: a comparative study

Table 3 Comparison of average raw muscle thickness at rest and active stage in both STCP and TD groups

		Rest	Activity	Mean diff.	T-statistic	p-value	95% CI of diff.
EO	STCP	3.64 ± 0.50	3.36 ± 0.52	0.28	12.43	< 0.001	0.24 to 0.32
	TD	3.08 ± 0.50	3.29 ± 0.50	−0.21	−11.21	< 0.001	−0.24 to − 0.18
	Mean diff.	0.56	0.08
	95% CI of diff.	0.47 to 0.65	0.00 to 0.16
	p-value	< 0.001	0.086
IO	STCP	4.76 ± 0.69	4.43 ± 0.73	0.33	11.04	< 0.001	0.27 to 0.38
	TD	4.25 ± 0.52	4.45 ± 0.52	−0.20	−15.35	< 0.001	−0.23 to −0.17
	Mean diff.	0.51	−0.02
	95% CI of diff.	0.40 to 0.62	−0.12 to 0.08
	p-value	< 0.001	0.104
TrA	STCP	2.86 ± 0.49	2.56 ± 0.48	0.30	16.30	< 0.001	0.27 to 0.33
	TD	2.10 ± 0.53	2.38 ± 0.49	−0.28	−18.49	< 0.001	−0.31 to − 0.25
	Mean diff.	0.76	0.18
	95% CI of diff.	0.66 to 0.86	0.10 to 0.26
	p-value	< 0.001	0.082
RA	STCP	6.33 ± 0.91	6.70 ± 0.93	−0.37	−17.65	< 0.001	−0.41 to −0.33
	TD	5.44 ± 0.59	5.97 ± 0.63	−0.53	−23.97	< 0.001	−0.57 to − 0.49
	Mean diff.	0.89	0.73
	95% CI of diff.	0.75 to 1.03	0.59 to 0.87
	p-value	< 0.001	0.130

EO external oblique muscle, IO internal oblique muscle, TrA transverse abdominis muscle, RA rectus abdominis muscle, STCP spastic type cerebral palsy, TD typically developing developing, diff. difference

ISSN: 2057-0082