An ultrasonographic analysis of the activation patterns of abdominal muscles in children with spastic type cerebral palsy and in typically developing individuals: a comparative study

Table 5 Intra-rater reliability of the ultrasound measurements (direct method) in the feasibility study for the TD group (n = 15). Data were expressed as typical error and intra-class coefficients (ICC) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) and mean differences ± standard deviation (SD)

Muscle & Stage	Typical Error 95% CI	ICC 95% CI	Mean diff ± SD
EO R	0.62 (0.06–0.22)	0.80 (0.66–0.96)	−0.13 ± 0.08
EO Ac	0.60 (0.08–0.20)	0.82 (0.76–0.97)	−0.02 ± 0.09
IO R	0.64 (0.05–0.22)	0.81 (0.86–0.98	−0.16 ± 0.06
IO Ac	0.62 (0.06–0.21)	0.79 (0.65–0.95)	−0.09 ± 0.08
TrA R	0.64 (0.04–0.20)	0.84 (0.68–0.98)	0.09 ± 0.09
TrA Ac	0.64 (0.06–0.22)	0.85 (0.72–0.94)	0.09 ± 0.09
RA R	0.66 (0.08–0.24)	0.85 (0.75–0.98)	−0.10 ± 0.09
RA Ac	0.63 (0.06–0.20)	0.86 (0.76–0.96)	−0.01 ± 0.03

Key: EO R external oblique resting stage, EO Ac external oblique active stage, IO R internal oblique resting stage, IO Ac internal oblique active stage, TrA R transverse abdominis resting. TrA Ac transverse abdominis active stage, RA R rectus abdominis resting stage, RA Ac rectus abdominis active stage

ISSN: 2057-0082