Table 2 Characteristics of included studies (n = 15)
Authors (year) | n | Sex, M:F | Age (y) | Varus alignment (°) | K/L Grade severity (n) | Funding Source | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | ||||||
Kerrigam et al. [9] (2002) | 15 | 8:7 | 69.7 ± 7.6 | n/r | 0 | 0 | 10 | 5 | Supported by the Ellison Foundation and by the US Public Health Service. |
Maly et al. [40] (2002) | 12 | 9:3 | 60 ± 9.39 | 6.67 ± 4.2 | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | Drummond Foundation and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. |
Kakihana et al. [41] (2005) | 13 | n/r | 63.3 ± 5.6 | 2.5 ± 3.9 | n/r | n/r | n/r | n/r | Not stated |
Shimada et al. [42] (2006) | 23 | 6:17 | 67.0 ± 8.7 | 6.2 ± 4.4 | 11 | 11 | 13 | 11 | Not stated |
Hinman et al. [43] (2008a) | 40 | 16:24 | 64.7 ± 9.4 | 5.5° | 3 | 10 | 11 | 16 | University Grants and the Arthritis Foundation of Australia. |
Hinman et al. [18] (2008b) | 13 | 6:7 | 59.7 ± 6.2 | 1.9° ± 2.9 | 0 | 7 | 6 | 0 | National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia |
Hinman et al. [20] (2009) | 20 | 8:12 | 63.5 ± 9.4 | n/r | 0 | 8 | 12 | 0 | National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia and the ANZ Charitable Trusts |
Abdallah and Radwan [24] (2011) | 21 | 0:21 | 54.1 ± 7.4 | 176–180° | 0 | n/r | n/r | 0 | Not stated |
Hinman et al. [8] (2012) | 73 | 28:45 | 63.3 ± 8.4 | 0.9° valgus | 0 | 41 | 32 | 0 | National Health & Medical Research Council of Australia |
Pagani et al. [44] (2012) | 10 | 2:8 | 57.5 ± 7.1 | 2.1° ± 1.2 | 0 | 6 | 4 | 0 | Institute of Biomechanics of the German Sport University Cologne. |
Jones et al. [13] (2014) | 70 | 43:27 | 60.3 ± 9.6 | n/r | 0 | 17 | 25 | 0 | Arthritis Research UK and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Unit Funding Scheme. |
Duivenvoorden et al. [26] (2015) | 42 | 14:28 | 54.0 ± 7.0 | n/r | 15 | 8 | 18 | 1 | Not stated |
Hatfield et al. [45] (2016) | 26 | 4:22 | 64.0 ± 8.0 | n/r | 0 | 16 | 10 | 0 | Pedorthic Foundation of Canada. Canadian Institutes of Health Research the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, and the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research |
Dessery et al. [25] (2016) | 18 | 8:10 | 54.5 ± 8.6 | 4.5° ± 2.8 | 0 | 15 | 3 | 0 | Fonds de Recherche du Québec – Nature et Technologies. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Ergoresearch Inc |
Lewinson et al. [15] (2016) | 19 | 6:13 | 59.9 ± 7.4 | n/r | 5 | 2 | 3 | 9 | Canadian Institutes of Health Research. Alberta Innovates Health Solutions. Killam Trusts. New Balance Athletic Shoe Inc |