Table 3 Comparisons of interventions of included studies
Authors (year) | Unit of measure | Comparisons | SMD (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention | Control | |||
First peak EKAM | ||||
Kerrigam et al. [9] (2002)a | Nm/Kg*m | 5° insole | 5° Control insole (3.175 mm) | −0.17 [− 0.88, 0.55] |
Kerrigam et al. [9] (2002)b | Nm/Kg*m | 10° insole | 10° Control insole (6.35 mm) | − 0.37 [− 1.09, 0.36] |
Maly et al. [40] (2002) | Nm/Kg | 5°insole | Participant shoes | − 0.08 [− 0.88, 0.72] |
Kakihana et al. [41] (2005) | Nm/Kg | 6° insole | Neutral insole | − 0.97 [− 1.79, − 0.15] |
Shimada et al. [42] (2006) | Nm/Kg | 6° insole | Participant shoes | − 0.20 [− 0.78, 0.38] |
Hinman et al.) [43] (2008a | %BW*Ht | 5° insole | Participant shoes | −0.21 [− 0.65, 0.23] |
Hinman et al. [18] (2008b)a | %BW*Ht | 5° full-length wedges | Participant shoes | − 0.54 [− 1.33, 0.24] |
Hinman et al. [18] (2008b)b | %BW*Ht | 5° rearfoot wedges | Participant shoes | − 0.33 [− 1.10, 0.45] |
Hinman et al. [20] (2009) | %BW*Ht | 5° insole | Participant shoes | −0.33 [− 1.10, 0.45] |
Abdallah and Radwan [24] (2011)a | Nm/Kg | 6° insole | Neutral insole | − 0.18 [− 0.79, 0.42] |
Abdallah and Radwan [24] (2011)b | Nm/Kg | 11° insole | Neutral insole | − 0.32 [− 0.93, 0.29] |
Hinman et al. [8] (2012) | %BW*Ht | 5° insole | Participant shoes | − 0.29 [− 0.61, 0.04] |
Pagani et al. [44] (2012) | Nm/Kg | 4° insole | Participant shoes | −0.20 [− 1.08, 0.67] |
Jones et al. [13] (2014)a | Nm/Kg | 5° insole with arch support | Control shoes | −0.16 [− 0.49, 0.17] |
Jones et al. [13] (2014)b | Nm/Kg | 5° insole without arch support | Control shoes | − 0.17 [− 0.50, 0.17] |
Duivenvoorden et al. [26] (2015) | Nm/kg | 6° insole | Participant shoes | −0.12 [− 0.55, 0.31] |
Hatfield et al. [45] (2016)a | Nm/kg | 5° insole with arch support | Control shoes | −0.19 [− 0.74, 0.35] |
Hatfield et al. [45] (2016)b | Nm/kg | 5° insole without arch support | Control shoes | −0.25 [− 0.80, 0.29] |
Dessery et al. [25] (2016)a | %BW*Ht | 6° insole with arch support | Control insole | − 0.42 [− 1.08, 0.24] |
Dessery et al. [25] (2016)b | %BW*Ht | 10° insole with arch support | Control insole | − 0.23 [− 0.88, 0.43] |
Lewinson et al. [15] (2016) | Nm | 6° insole | Participant shoes | − 0.38 [− 1.03, 0.26] |
Second peak EKAM | ||||
Kerrigam et al. [9] (2002)a | Nm/Kg*m | 5° insole | 5° Control insole (3.175 mm) | −0.17 [− 0.89, 0.55] |
Kerrigam et al. [9] (2002)b | Nm/Kg*m | 10° insole | 10° Control insole (6.35 mm) | −0.30 [− 1.02, 0.42] |
Hinman et al. [43] (2008a) | %BW*Ht | 5° insole | Participant shoes | −0.31 [− 0.75, 0.13] |
Hinman et al. [18] (2008b)a | %BW*Ht | 5° full-length wedges | Participant shoes | −0.34 [− 1.12, 0.43] |
Hinman et al. [18] (2008b)b | %BW*Ht | 5° rearfoot wedges | Participant shoes | − 0.17 [− 0.94, 0.60] |
Hinman et al. [20] (2009) | %BW*Ht | 5° insole | Participant shoes | −0.16 [− 0.78, 0.46] |
Pagani et al. [44] (2012) | Nm/Kg | 4° insole | Participant shoes | −0.18 [− 1.06, 0.70] |
Dessery et al. [25] (2016)a | %BW*Ht | 6° insole with arch support | Control insole | −0.27 [− 0.92, 0.39] |
Dessery et al. [25] (2016)b | %BW*Ht | 10° insole with arch support | Control insole | −0.33 [− 0.99, 0.33] |
Knee adduction angular impulse | ||||
Hinman et al. [20] (2009) | %BW*Ht | 5° insole | Participant shoes | −0.14 [− 0.76, 0.48] |
Hinman et al. [8] (2012) | %BW*Ht | 5° insole | Participant shoes | −0.21 [− 0.54, 0.11] |
Pagani et al. [44] (2012) | Nm/Kg | 4° insole | Participant shoes | −0.15 [− 1.03, 0.73] |
Jones et al. [13] (2014)a | Nm/Kg | 5° insole with arch support | Control shoes | −0.14 [− 0.47, 0.19] |
Jones et al. [13] (2014)b | Nm/Kg | 5° insole without arch support | Control shoes | −0.19 [− 0.52, 0.15] |
Duivenvoorden et al. [26] (2015) | Nm/kg | 6° insole | Participant shoes | −0.02 [− 0.45, 0.40] |
Hatfield et al. [45] (2016)a | Nm/kg | 5° insole with arch support | Control shoes | −0.12 [− 0.66, 0.43] |
Hatfield et al. [45] (2016)b | Nm/kg | 5° insole without arch support | Control shoes | −0.12 [− 0.66, 0.43] |
Dessery et al. [25] (2016)a | %BW*Ht | 6° insole with arch support | Control insole | −0.34 [− 1.00, 0.32] |
Dessery et al. [25] (2016)b | %BW*Ht | 10° insole with arch support | Control insole | − 0.34 [− 1.00, 0.32] |
Lewinson et al. [15] (2016) | Nms | 6° insole | Participant shoes | −0.23 [− 0.87, 0.41] |