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Table 2 Final impairments in Delphi round III for reaching consensus as common musculoskeletal impairments in postpartum runners

From: Common musculoskeletal impairments in postpartum runners: an international Delphi study

Musculoskeletal Impairments

Consensus (%)

Round II

Composite Score

Round III

Consensus (%)

Round III

Strength

 Abdominal weakness

100

160

100

 Hip abductor weakness

100

154

100

 Hip extensor weakness

95.12

142

100

 Pelvic floor weakness

95.12

156

97.56

 Hip rotator weakness

90.24

136

97.56

Range of Motion

 Hip extension restriction

82.93

131

95.12

 Excessive counter nutation (anterior pelvic tilt)

90.24

123

92.68

 Generally hypermobile, no restriction

68.29

129

90.24

 Thoracic extension restriction

75.61

115

78.05

 Hip internal rotation restriction

68.29

116

75.61

Flexibility

 Tight hip flexors

85.37

150

100

 Laxity in abdominal wall

87.80

144

95.12

 Tight lumbar extensors

68.29

118

80.49

 Tight hamstrings

65.85

115

75.61

 Tight iliotibial band

70.73

113

75.61

Alignment

 Trendelenburg sign

85.37

129

95.12

 Dynamic knee valgus

80.49

124

92.68

 Increased lumbar lordosis

87.80

124

92.68

 Over pronation

70.73

114

80.49

 Thoracic kyphosis

70.73

114

75.61

Risk Factors

 Muscular imbalance

100

156

100

 Poor lumbopelvic control

100

154

100

 Hip weakness

100

152

100

 Too much, too soon

95.12

139

100

 Trauma to pelvic floor

90.24

138

100

 Hip pain

87.80

133

100

 Increased life stressors

90.24

133

100

 Decreased exercise tolerance

78.05

131

100

 Pain during pregnancy

85.37

131

100

 Lumbopelvic muscle weakness

97.56

153

97.56

 Altered running mechanics

100

143

97.56

 Chronic pain history

87.80

140

97.56

 Global laxity

78.05

139

97.56

 Pelvic floor pain

92.68

137

97.56

 Lumbopelvic instability

92.68

137

97.56

 Chronic fatigue

80.49

131

97.56

 Hip extensor muscle activation

75.61

131

97.56

 History of running injury

85.37

141

95.12

 Poor sleep quality

82.93

131

95.12

 Caretaking posture

73.17

130

92.68

 Labor duration

73.17

122

92.68

 Increased body mass index (BMI)

78.05

124

90.24