Table 2 Examples of PREMs for musculoskeletal disorders in outpatient physical therapy

PEPAP-Q: Patient Experiences in Postacute Outpatient Physical Therapy Settings

Patients participating in rehabilitation centers for MSK conditions

MSK disorders: surgical recovery from lower back injury, upper limb fracture, lower limb fracture, shoulder injury, and knee injury

Professionals' attitudes and behavior (providing information and education, sensitivity to patients' changes, and emotional support) and 4 factors that conceptually reflect organizational environment (duration of attendance, interruptions during care delivery, waiting times, and patient safety).

PREM development and content validity

Internal Consistency: +

Reliability (ICC): +

Hypothesis testing for construct validity: +

The PEPAP-Q can be considered more effective than generic that does not reflect what truly matters to a patient in a specific context.

This PREM was developed in Spanish, and the English translation has not been revalidated

Questionnaire is limited to the outpatient setting assessing and treating MSK related conditions

Does not assess technical aspects of care (i.e. PT’s level of education)

Medina-Mirapeix F, del Baño-Aledo ME, Martínez-Payá JJ, Lillo-Navarro MC, Escolar-Reina P. Development and validity of the questionnaire of patients’ experiences in postacute outpatient physical therapy settings. Phys Ther. 2015;95(5):11.

Picker MSD questionnaire

Patients who received outpatient care from a spine clinic

MSK disorders: back pain and neck pain

Access to care (six items), information and education (six items), respect for patients’ preferences (five items), emotional support (four items), coordination of care (five items), continuity and transition (four items), overall impression (four items)

PREM development

Internal Consistency: +

Hypothesis testing for construct validity +

Questions were developed from interviews with health care provides (2 physicians, 2 PTs, 1 chiropractor, and 1 osteopath) and interviews and focus groups with patients

This PREM can be used in any healthcare setting that addresses musculoskeletal disorders; therefore, it does not apply only to Physical Therapy Services

Jenkinson C, Coulter A, Gyll R, Lindstrom P, Avner L, Hoglund E. Measuring the experiences of health care for patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD): development of the Picker MSD questionnaire. Scand J Caring Sci. 2002;16(3):329-333.

Re-PEQ: Rehabilitation Patient Experiences Questionnaire

Patients who received rehabilitation for rheumatological disorders

MSK disorders: rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing arthritis, osteoarthritis, and other rheumatic diagnoses

Rehabilitation care and organization, information and communication, availability of staff, and social environment

PREM development and content validity

Internal Consistency: +

Hypothesis testing for construct validity: +

Only known PREM for patients with rheumatic conditions who received rehabilitation

Collected data from both outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation centers; therefore, data is not solely applicable to outpatient setting

Only assess after receiving treatment and therefore cannot provide data about sensitivity to change or responsiveness (i.e. MDC or MCID)

Grotle M, Garratt A, Lochting I, et al. Development of the rehabilitation patient experiences questionnaire: data quality, reliability and validity in patients with rheumatic diseases. J Rehabil Med. 2009;41(7):6.

MedRisk Instrument for Measuring Patient Satisfaction^a With Physical Therapy Care (MRPS)

Patients who were receiving outpatient physical therapy for one or more musculoskeletal conditions

MSK disorders:

Pain at one or more of the following locations: cervical spine, lumbar and thoracic spine, wrist and hand, upper extremity, or lower extremity

Patient- therapist interaction (communication and respect), non patient-therapist interaction (registration process and courtesy of receptionist), global measures of satisfaction

PREM development and content validity

Internal Consistency: +

SEM: ?

Completed a follow-up study that assessed discriminant and concurrent validity

Only applicable for patients who are covered by workers' compensation; further data is needed for patients who are receiving physical therapy without said coverage

Beattie P. Patient Satisfaction With Outpatient Physical Therapy: Instrument Validation. Physical therapy. 2002;82(6):557-565. doi:10.1093/ptj/82.6.557

Beattie P, Turner C, Dowda M, Michener L, Nelson R. The MedRisk Instrument for Measuring Patient Satisfaction With Physical Therapy Care: a psychometric analysis. The journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy. 2005;35(1):24-32. doi:10.2519/jospt.2005.35.1.24