How to objectively assess and observe maladaptive pain behaviors in clinical rehabilitation: a systematic search and review

Table 2 First step of the critical appraise: clinical criteria appraisal

Method	Time to complete ≤ 10 min OR ≤ 30 min if part of a comprehensive assessment	Scoring method Not videotaped	Interpretation Does the method propose an interpretation of the score (severity, …)?	Decision (retain or reject)
Aung’s method [26]	We can assume < 10 min			Reject
Behavioral Avoidance Test-Back Pain (BAT-Back) [27]	< 10 min	Specific rating according to the level of avoidance	Range of possible scores is 0 to 60 (0 = no avoidance, 60 = every movement is avoided)	Retain
Butler and Kozey’s method [28]	We can assume < 10 min			Reject
Cinciripini’s method [29]	We can assume < 10 min			Reject
Cold pressure method [30]	2-min			Reject
Keefe and Block [31] (K&B) and modified K&B [32]	10-min			Reject
Keefe’s walk method [33]	We can assume < 10 min			Reject
Koho’s method [34]	We can assume > 10 min			Reject
Moores’ method [35]	We can assume > 10 min	Frequencies of PB		Reject
Pain Behaviour Scale (PaBS) [36]	Part of a physical performance test of 10 to 15 min	Frequencies of PB	A total score of severity can be determined from 0 to 15	Retain
Prkachin’s method [18]		Number of PB		Reject
Test Instrument for Profile of Physical Ability (TIPPA) [37]	Part of a comprehensive assessment but we can assume < 30 min	Presence of PB	A severity scale is proposed based on the number of activities with PBs	Retain
Thieme’s method [38]	8-min			Reject
Watson’s method [39]	We can assume > 10 min			Reject

ISSN: 2057-0082