Muscle activation patterns around knee following neuromuscular training in patients with knee osteoarthritis: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial

Table 4 Changes in co-contraction index before and after NMT and QT in knee osteoarthritis patients

CCI		NMT (n = 31)	p-value	QT (n = 28)	p-value	*Effect size (CI)	t (95% CI)
Med QH	Pre	.58 ± .173	<.001	.54 ± .147	<.001
	Post	0.31 ± .097		.38 ± .146		−.56 (−1.08, −0.04)	(−2.297, 2.297)
Lat QH	Pre	.88 ± .318	<.001	.84 ± .283	<.001
	Post	.44 ± .196		.58 ± .209		−.68 (−1.21, −0.16)	(− 2.482, 2.482)
Med QG	Pre	.61 ± .148	<.001	.59 ± .202	<.001
	Post	.34 ± .15		.41 ± .181		−.38 (−0.90, 0.13)	(−1.739, 1.739)
Lat QG	Pre	.75 ± .273	<.001	.71 ± .338	<.001
	Post	.49 ± .207		.51 ± .237		−.10 (−0.61, 0.41)	(−0.429, 0.429)

CCI co-contraction index, Med QH medial quadriceps-hamstring, Lat QH lateral quadriceps-hamstring, Med QG medial quadriceps-gastrocnemius, Lat QG lateral quadriceps-gastrocnemius, NMT neuromuscular training, SP strengthening program, CI confidence intervals
*effect size (CI) is for post-intervention values of CCI between the groups

ISSN: 2057-0082