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Table 2 Quality assessment scores according to the NHLBI quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies [37]

From: Sex-specific differences in neuromuscular activation of the knee stabilizing muscles in adults - a systematic review

Study (publication year)

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q5

Q6

Q7

Q8

Q9

Q10

Q11

Q12

Q13

Q14

Quality Rating

Bencke & Zebis (2011) [38]

Yes

Yes

Yes

NR

Yes

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

Yes

good

DeMont & Lephart (2004) [39]

Yes

Yes

Yes

NR

No

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

No

poor

Deschenes et al. (2009) [40]

Yes

Yes

Yes

NR

No

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

Yes

Yes

fair

Hanson et al. (2008) [24]

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

Yes

fair

Hart et al. (2007) [41]

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

Yes

good

Kim et al. (2016) [42]

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

No

fair

Lee et al. (2015) [43]

Yes

Yes

Yes

NR

Yes

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

No

poor

Myer et al. (2005) [27]

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

No

fair

Padua et al. (2005) [28]

No

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

Yes

poor

Palmieri-Smith et al. (2007) [44]

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

Yes

fair

Rozzi et al. (1999) [45]

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

Yes

good

Shultz et al. (2001) [20]

Yes

Yes

Yes

NR

No

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

Yes

good

Smith et al. (2009) [46]

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

No

No

Yes

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

No

poor

Urabe et al. (2004) [22]

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

NA

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

Yes

fair

Wu et al. (2016) [47]

Yes

Yes

Yes

NR

Yes

No

No

Yes

Yes

NA

Yes

NR

NA

No

poor

  1. Legend: NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NA not applicable, NR not reported, Q Question, Q1 = Was the research question or objective in this paper clearly stated?; Q2 = Was the study population clearly specified and defined?; Q3 = Was the participation rate of eligible persons at least 50%?; Q4 = Were all the subjects selected or recruited from the same or similar populations (including the same time period)? Were inclusion and exclusion criteria for being in the study prespecified and applied uniformly to all participants?; Q5 = Was a sample size justification, power description, or variance and effect estimates provided?; Q6 = For the analyses in this paper, were the exposure(s) of interest measured prior to the outcome(s) being measured?; Q7 = Was the timeframe sufficient so that one could reasonably expect to see an association between exposure and outcome if it existed?; Q8 = For exposures that can vary in amount or level, did the study examine different levels of the exposure as related to the outcome (e.g., categories of exposure, or exposure measured as continuous variable)?; Q9 = Were the exposure measures (independent variables) clearly defined, valid, reliable, and implemented consistently across all study participants?; Q10 = Was the exposure(s) assessed more than once over time?; Q11 = Were the outcome measures (dependent variables) clearly defined, valid, reliable, and implemented consistently across all study participants?; Q12 = Were the outcome assessors blinded to the exposure status of participants?; Q13 = Was loss to follow-up after baseline 20% or less?; Q14 = Were key potential confounding variables measured and adjusted statistically for their impact on the relationship between exposure(s) and outcome(s)?