Table 4 Overview of study outcome measurements with values for measured muscles of males (m) in the upper row and for females (f) in the lower row

Bencke & Zebis (2011) [38]

side-cutting maneuver

64 ± 36 53 ± 22

61 ± 25 69 ± 24

46 ± 14 33 ± 12

52 ± 22 30 ± 10

MVC [%] -0.54 (-1.22; 0.13)

DeMont & Lephart (2004) [39]

jogging

31.74 ± 13.40 27.03 ± 13.14

39.71 ± 13.84 43.10 ± 10.22

36.96 ± 18.16 37.84 ± 11.59

38.19 ± 22.30 41.02 ± 22.18

20.69 ± 20.01 21.66 ± 16.88

MVC [%] 0.15 (-0.04; 0.35)

walking

26.66 ± 12.62 26.68 ± 12.24

23.04 ± 8.60 31.73 ± 9.90

25.06 ± 11.13 28.54 ± 10.10

15.82 ± 17.87 18.27 ± 21.85

7.09 ± 6.02 7.52 ± 5.05

Deschenes et al. (2009) [40]

pre-unloading

average of VL & VM 304.3 ± 44.4 236.8 ± 29.7

RMS raw data [Mv x S] -1.71 (-2.77; -0.65)

Hanson et al. (2008) [24]

running side-step cut preparatory phase

80.19 ± 47.84 80.25 ± 38.46

129.36 ± 63.30 186.14 ± 102.75

77.46 ± 57.63 72.19 ± 34.75

194.92 ± 113.68 172.29 ± 64.43

MVC [%] 0.27 (0.08; 0.46)

running side-step cut loading phase

136.73 ± 63.46 173.32 ± 81.08

188.85 ± 61.60 320.86 ± 164.65

128.02 ± 48.60 130.22 ± 92.68

194.18 ± 143.23 210.57 ± 85.13

box-jump side-step cut preparatory

phase

33.04 ± 19.53 40.20 ± 26.41

51.57 ± 22.53 77.15 ± 51.97

32.16 ± 24.80 34.82 ± 20.57

137.35 ± 75.56 122.53 ± 61.7

box-jump side-step cut loading

phase

107.17 ± 58.06 140.55 ± 75.15

151.94 ± 50.47 244.45 ± 128.24

106.64 ± 50.05 119.37 ± 75.45

154.75 ± 133.71 154.86 ± 69.38

Hart et al. (2007) [41]

100 cm single-leg forward jump

16.91 ± 21.25 14.51 ± 7.52

5.85 ± 4.44 8.23 ± 5.92

2.79 ± 4.17 2.30 ± 2.33

RMS submax load [mV] 0.05 (-0.52; 0.62)

Kim et al. (2016) [42]

rapid eccentric knee extension

quadriceps & hamstrings 42.927 ± 57.167 53.277 ± 57.167

MVC [%] 0.18 (-0.44; 0.8)

Lee et al. (2014) [43]

regular stepping task

2.48 ± 0.52 2.42 ± 0.51

2.34 ± 0.58 2.45 ± 0.58

2.70 ± 0.74 2.73 ± 0.50

2.63 ± 0.42 2.70 ± 0.47

1.95 ± 0.84 2.07 ± 0.72

2.18 ± 0.74 2.43 ± 0.85

time to peak [mV] 0.34 (0.2; 0.49)

motor internal perturbation task

2.61 ± 0.36 2.74 ± 0.43

2.48 ± 0.58 2.61 ± 0.44

2.71 ± 0.54 3.00 ± 0.45

2.77 ± 0.48 2.89 ± 0.40

2.41 ± 0.64 2.93 ± 0.62

2.60 ± 0.43 2.99 ± 0.52

motor external perturbation task

2.84 ± 0.38 2.98 ± 0.40

2.61 ± 0.53 2.82 ± 0.38

2.64 ± 0.43 2.84 ± 0.41

2.86 ± 0.36 2.94 ± 0.44

2.76 ± 0.57 3.18 ± 0.57

2.82 ± 0.57 3.05 ± 0.66

Myer et al. (2005) [27]

side-step exercise

0.518 ± 0.351 0.689 ± 0.235

0.511 ± 0.207 0.507 ± 0.181

RMS submax load [ratio] 0.26 (-0.37; 0.88)

side-step exercise

0.577 ± 0.391 0.834 ± 0.366

0.581 ± 0.264 0.596 ± 0.305

MAR submax load [ratio] 0.36 (-0.27; 0.99)

Padua et al. (2005) [28]

pref preparatory

phase

16.80 ± 18.66

31.00 ± 20.56

19.00 ± 10.44

23.30 ± 11.28

86.10 ± 67.99

118.20 ± 74.62

MVC [%]

0.41 (0.15; 0.66)

3.0 preparatory

phase

19.60 ± 18.97

39.50 ± 20.89

23.20 ± 14.55

21.90 ± 15.92

104.70 ± 89.81

160.70 ± 98.84

pref loading

phase

37.70 ± 8.26

67.10 ± 42.12

25.80 ± 10.44

24.00 ± 11.61

135.50 ± 89.81

160.00 ± 98.84

3.0 loading

phase

34.40 ± 29.09

65.30 ± 32.17

27.30 ± 10.75

22.60 ± 11.61

144.50 ± 71.78

186.60 ± 78.94

Palmieri-Smith et al. (2007) [44]

single-leg forward jump

1.29 ± 1.38 1.02 ± 1.07

2.43 ± 2.56 2.71 ± 2.87

3.03 ± 3.21 2.49 ± 2.63

1.16 ± 1.16 1.50 ± 1.53

1.95 ± 1.88 1.32 ± 1.19

MVC [%]-0.09 (-0.47; 0.3)

Rozzi et al. (1999) [45]

single-leg jump from a step

298.00 ± 231.27 315.82 ± 162.24

290.87 ± 173.62 361.65 ± 255.49

134.20 ± 66.33 163.49 ± 84.45

84.84 ± 43.47 156.00 ± 72.59

134.13 ± 74.70 225.86 ± 223.35

161.45 ± 73.82 131.72 ± 64.90

first contraction

amplitude[mV] 0.33 (-0.07: 0.74)

Shultz et al. (2001) [20]

single-leg external rotation

100.0 ± 24.0 90.8 ± 16.3

99.0 ± 22.8 87.1 ± 18.0

60.5 ± 7.5 59.6 ± 10.6

72.4 ± 17.2 68.4 ± 14.0

56.6 ± 8.0 55.1 ± 8.4

59.2 ± 10.0 56.2 ± 8.3

reaction time [ms] -0.32 (-0.47: -0.18)

single-leg internal rotation

98.8 ± 22.4 89.8 ± 12.6

95.7 ± 20.4 86.3 ± 13.6

60.5 ± 10.3 56.3 ± 11.6

80.0 ± 25.8 73.8 ± 18.2

54.1 ± 8.8 52.4 ± 9.0

57.0 ± 10.0 55.2 ± 8.8

Smith et al. (2009) [46]

pre-fatigue

77.1 ± 7.4 73.5 ± 7.7

74.1 ± 9.4 77.5 ± 6.8

70.6 ± 9.8 71.6 ± 12.4

77.3 ± 36.2 70.4 ± 14.0

70.2 ± 7.2 70.8 ± 7.2

RMS submax load [%] -0.03 (-0.37; 0.32)

Urabe et al. (2004) [22]

vertical jump—single-leg landing

158.4 ± 67.0 229.5 ± 108.3

140.0 ± 51.3 216.2 ± 54.0

SM 42.6 ± 24.3 42.3 ± 11.7

49.7 ± 7.3 45.3 ± 12.7

MVC [%] 0.39 (-0.36; 1.13)

Wu et al. (2016) [47]

young—leg dynamometer

0.214 ± 0.063 0.160 ± 0.049

18.0 ± 10.2 25.9 ± 9.4

RMS [VL = mV;

BF = %]

VL: -0.74 (-1.18; -0.31)

BF: 0.6 (0.17; 1.03)

older—leg dynamometer

0.158 ± 0.073 0.119 ± 0.063

16.2 ± 10.7 20.4 ± 8.5