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Table 2 Pre-post intervention change of patient reported outcomes

From: Virtual reality in the management of patients with low back and neck pain: a retrospective analysis of 82 people treated solely in the metaverse

Outcome

N

Pre

M (SD)

Post

M (SD)

Mean

Difference

Delta

(95% CI)

t

P-Value

Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Index

50

22.5 (8.9)

18.5 (9.8)

17.8

4.0 (2.4, 5.7)

4.8

 < 0.001

NIH PROMIS CAT – Pain Interference

22

1.4 (0.7)

1.1 (0.7)

17.9

0.2 (-0.1, 0.6)

1.5

0.15

NIH PROMIS CAT – Fatigue

17

1.3 (0.7)

1.2 (0.7)

5.6

0.1 (-0.3, 0.04)

0.4

0.71

Brief Pain Inventory – Pain Interference

14

7.3 (7.2)

9.5 (12.9)

30.8

-2.3 (-10.0, 5.5)

-0.6

0.54

Brief Pain Inventory – Pain Severity

12

4.9 (1.6)

44 (2.2)

10.1

0.5 (-0.5, -1.5)

1.1

0.30

PROMIS CAT v1.0—Sleep Disturbance

14

1.2 (0.7)

0.9 (0.5)

20.2

0.3 (-0.2, -0.7)

1.2

0.25

NIH PROMIS – Pain Intensity

12

0.7 (0.4)

0.5 (0.4)

28.9

0.2 (-0.1, -0.5)

1.4

0.18

PROMIS CAT v1.0—Anxiety

11

1.1 (0.7)

1.1 (0.6)

5.7

-.01 (-0.4, -0.3)

-0.3

0.75

Neck Disability Index

12

20.6 (7.7)

15.8 (7.1)

23.3

4.8 (0.9, 8.8)

2.1

0.02

Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS)

6

38.2 (23.1)

48.8 (22.8)

27.8

-10.7 (-27.5, 6.1)

-1.6

0.16

PROMIS v1.0 Sleep disturbance-Short Form (4a)

4

0.98 (0.71)

0.9 (0.6)

10.2

0.1 (-0.5, 0.7)

0.5

0.64

  1. Mean difference is calculated by post score minus pre score
  2. NIH National Institute of Health, PROMIS Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, CAT computer adaptive test