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Table 3 Sample description: highest academic degree (in physiotherapy and other disciplines), and sources of learning about codes of ethics and ethical decision-making frameworks by gender

From: Views of physiotherapists on factors that play a role in ethical decision-making: an international online survey study

 

N or M (±SD)

N or M (±SD)

N or M (±SD)

N (%) or M (±SD)

Female

Male

Diverse

Total

Highest level of educational degree achieved (in physiotherapy or other discipline)

Bachelor’s degree/diploma

200 (36.17%)

78 (14.10%)

3 (0.54%)

281 (50.81%)

Graduate diploma

50 (9.04%)

26 (4.70%)

1 (0.18%)

77 (13.92%)

Master’s degree

115 (20.79%)

69 (12.47%)

1 (0.18%)

185 (33.85%)

Professional doctorate

32 (5.79%)

12 (2.17%)

1 (0.18%)

45 (8.14%)

Research doctorate

12 (2.17%)

5 (0.90%)

1 (0.18%

19 (3.44%)

Other

25 (4.52%)

10 (1.81%)

0 (0%)

35 (6.33%)

Average academic degrees

Academic degrees M (±SD)

1.15 (±0.41)

1.18 (±0.44)

1.60 (±1.34)

1.16 (±0.43)

Learning about a professional code of conduct or a code of ethics for physiotherapists

No

57 (10.29%)

22 (3.97%)

1 (0.18%)

80 (14.4%)

Yes, during my basic physiotherapy education

226 (40.79%)

100 (18.05%)

2 (0.36%)

328 (59.1%)

Yes, in a graduate or post-graduate program

74 (13.36%)

35 (6.32%)

0 (0%)

109 (19.6%)

Yes, in a professional ethics course

39 (7.04%)

16 (2.89%)

1 (0.18%)

56 (10.1%)

Yes, by learning about professional ethics on my own

72 (13.00%)

39 (7.04%)

0 (0%)

111 (20.0%)

Yes, by learning about professional ethics from others

46 (8.30%)

22 (3.97%)

0 (0%)

68 (12.3%)

Don’t know

15 (2.71%)

6 (1.08%)

1 (0.18%)

22 (4.0%)

Othera

13 (2.35%)

5 (0.90%)

0 (0%)

18 (3.2%)

Average of learning sources about a professional code of conduct or code of ethics for physiotherapists

Learning Sources M (±SD)

1.27 (±0.96)

1.30 (±0.98)

0.80 (±0.45)

1.27 (±0.96)

Learning about specific ethical decision-making or ethical reasoning frameworks

No

100 (18.08%)

41 (7.41%)

1 (0.18%)

142 (25.6%)

Yes, during my basic physiotherapy education

169 (30.56%)

83 (15.01%)

1 (0.18%)

253 (45.6%)

Yes, in a graduate or post-graduate program

70 (12.66%)

36 (6.51%)

1 (0.18%)

107 (19.3%)

Yes, in a professional ethics course

37 (6.69%)

17 (3.07%)

1 (0.18%)

55 (9.9%)

Yes, by learning about professional ethics on my own

70 (12.66%)

36 (6.51%)

3 (0.54%)

109 (19.6%)

Yes, by learning about professional ethics from others

54 (9.76%)

21 (9.22%)

2 (0.36%)

77 (13.9%)

Don’t know

23 (4.16%)

12 (2.17%)

0 (0%)

35 (6.3%)

Otherb

11 (1.99%)

2 (0.36%)

0 (0%)

13 (2.3%)

Average of learning sources about specific ethical decision-making or ethical reasoning frameworks

Learning sources M (±SD)

1.12 (±1.03)

1.21 (±1.04)

1.60 (±1.14)

1.15 (±1.03)

  1. aNational Professional Associations on course of professional registration or as a provider of ethics resources; as part of participants’ individual professional role such as teaching students in professional ethics, being part of a Professional Council Ethics Committee, or assessing physiotherapy degree courses; as part employment contracts containing organisational codes of conduct; on course of required continued professional development (CPD); national standards for health professionals such as the British ‘Duty of Candour’, a professional obligation of healthcare professionals to tell the truth to patients when a procedure fails
  2. bInformation provided by lawyers specialised in ethics; learning from practical experience; CPD courses (described as providing information about areas that participants would otherwise have not been exposed to, or remaining unknown); as an effect of applying for ethical clearance for research projects; readings related to specific diagnoses; trainings required for specific work settings such as palliative care or hospice; personal religious convictions and moral values